Ten Tablet Pairs the Catalogues Don't Connect

I compared every published transliteration in the CDLI corpus — 135,198 cuneiform texts — against every other, looking for pairs that share long runs of rare sign sequences but are nowhere recorded as related. These are the ten strongest results: tablets in museums thousands of kilometres apart that appear to be pages of the same ancient account books.

135,198
texts compared
36
known pairs re-found
10
pairs presented
9
museums involved

When the antiquities trade dispersed the archives of Girsu and Umma around 1900, tablets that had lain in the same basket for four thousand years ended up in Berlin, Paris, Brussels, Copenhagen, London, Moscow, St. Petersburg, New Haven and Cambridge MA — and were published in different series, by different scholars, over seven decades. Text overlap can put the baskets back together. Six of the ten pairs below interlock into a single cluster: the barley-ration lists of the é-munus, the “women's household” of Girsu, issued under Sasa, wife of Urukagina, ca. 2350 BC.

The pairs

Each entry shows the two publication designations, the holding museums, a sample of the matched sequences (normalized transliteration; ⧸ separates sequences, | marks line breaks), and links to both CDLI records for verification.

1 · VS 25, 069  ↔  HSS 03, 23

ED IIIbé-munus cluster367 shared sequences

VAT 04612 — Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin  ·  SM 1904.04.001 — Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East

nin-ama-na | 4(ban2@c) za-na  ⧸  4(ban2@c) za-na | 4(ban2@c)  ⧸  za-na | 4(ban2@c) nin-ku3-su  ⧸  4(ban2@c) nin-ku3-su | 4(ban2@c)
The same women, in the same order, with the same barley rations — line for line across dozens of entries. The Berlin and Harvard tablets were published 71 years apart and neither publication mentions the other.

Sources: CDLI P020275 · CDLI P221332

2 · TUT 154  ↔  Hermitage 3, 025

Ur IIIsame year, months i & iii280 shared sequences

VAT 02333 — Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin  ·  Erm 14976 — State Hermitage, St. Petersburg

ur-{d}nin-mug | 1(asz@c) 1(barig)  ⧸  | 1(asz@c) 1(barig) ur-temen-na  ⧸  dub-sar-me | usz2 ab-ba-mu  ⧸  usz2 ab-ba-mu | dumu
BDTNS dates the Berlin tablet to Amar-Suen 2 iii and the Hermitage tablet to Amar-Suen 2 i. Both carry the same personnel block, down to the same death notice — uš₂ Ab-ba-mu dumu Ir-duga, the deceased Abbamu, son of Irduga. The Hermitage text exists only in N. Koslova's unpublished manuscript.

Sources: CDLI P135727 · CDLI P212234

3 · HSS 03, 22  ↔  TSA 12

ED IIIbé-munus cluster275 shared sequences

SM 1904.04.012 — Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East  ·  MRAH O.0649 — Royal Museums of Art & History, Brussels

4(ban2@c) sze-ba | sa6-sa6  ⧸  sa6-sa6 | 2(asz@c) dumu  ⧸  | 2(asz@c) dumu nita  ⧸  2(asz@c) dumu nita 2(ban2@c)
Harvard ↔ Brussels. Part of the interlocking group of barley-ration lists issued under Sasa, wife of Urukagina.

Sources: CDLI P221331 · CDLI P221373

4 · DP 112  ↔  Nik 1, 001

ED IIIbé-munus cluster269 shared sequences

AO 13320 — Louvre, Paris  ·  Erm 14001 — State Hermitage, St. Petersburg

4(ban2@c) sze-ba | sa6-sa6  ⧸  sa6-sa6 | 5(asz@c) dumu  ⧸  | 5(asz@c) dumu nita  ⧸  5(asz@c) dumu nita 2(ban2@c)
Paris ↔ St. Petersburg. De Genouillac's DP 112 and Nikolski's Nik 1, 001 share hundreds of rare sequences; the two series never cite each other.

Sources: CDLI P220762 · CDLI P221708

5 · CTNMC 53  ↔  PPAC 5, 0602

Ur IIIŠulgi 31–33238 shared sequences

NMC 05406 — National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen  ·  BM 026952 — British Museum, London

1/2(disz) sila3 sze gur  ⧸  6(disz) sila3 gur |  ⧸  5/6(disz) sila3 gur |  ⧸  8(disz) sila3 gur |
The Copenhagen tablet references the years Šulgi 31 and 33; the British Museum tablet is dated Šulgi 33. Same accounting context, same rare quantity sequences.

Sources: CDLI P108785 · CDLI P202652

6 · TSA 15  ↔  Nik 1, 002

ED IIIbé-munus cluster247 shared sequences

AM 07  ·  Erm 14002 — State Hermitage, St. Petersburg

1(u@c) 1(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 sze-ba  ⧸  1(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 sze-ba 1(barig@c)  ⧸  igi-nu-du8 sze-ba 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)  ⧸  sze-ba 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) |
Same igi-nu-du₈ worker lists across two collections.

Sources: CDLI P221376 · CDLI P221709

7 · HSS 03, 24  ↔  TSA 13

ED IIIbé-munus cluster229 shared sequences

SM 1904.04.011 — Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East  ·  MRAH O.0647 — Royal Museums of Art & History, Brussels

1(u@c) 2(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 sze-ba  ⧸  2(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 sze-ba 1(barig@c)  ⧸  igi-nu-du8 sze-ba 1(barig@c) |  ⧸  sze-ba 1(barig@c) | sze-bi
Harvard ↔ Brussels, as pair 3 — a second link between the same two scattered series.

Sources: CDLI P221333 · CDLI P221374

8 · DP 112  ↔  HSS 03, 21

ED IIIbé-munus cluster244 shared sequences

AO 13320 — Louvre, Paris  ·  SM 1904.07.002 — Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East

4(ban2@c) sze-ba | sa6-sa6  ⧸  sa6-sa6 | 5(asz@c) dumu  ⧸  | 5(asz@c) dumu nita  ⧸  5(asz@c) dumu nita 2(ban2@c)
DP 112 again, this time matching the Harvard series — the same Paris tablet links to both Harvard and St. Petersburg.

Sources: CDLI P220762 · CDLI P221330

9 · HSS 03, 21  ↔  Nik 1, 001

ED IIIbé-munus cluster244 shared sequences

SM 1904.07.002 — Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East  ·  Erm 14001 — State Hermitage, St. Petersburg

4(ban2@c) sze-ba | sa6-sa6  ⧸  sa6-sa6 | 5(asz@c) dumu  ⧸  | 5(asz@c) dumu nita  ⧸  5(asz@c) dumu nita 2(ban2@c)
Harvard ↔ St. Petersburg, closing the triangle around DP 112.

Sources: CDLI P221330 · CDLI P221708

10 · Nik 2, 329  ↔  SAT 2, 0884

Ur IIIsame year, months v & vii215 shared sequences

GMII — — Pushkin Museum, Moscow  ·  YBC 03666 — Yale Babylonian Collection

4(ban2) zi3 2(ban2) kasz  ⧸  zi3 2(ban2) kasz ga-na-na  ⧸  2(ban2) kasz ga-na-na |  ⧸  kasz ga-na-na | 4(ban2)
BDTNS dates the Moscow tablet to Amar-Suen 5 vii and the Yale tablet to Amar-Suen 5 v. Both allocate the same flour and beer to the same named recipients — Ganana, Kurnitum, Nuban…

Sources: CDLI P122012 · CDLI P144084

How these were found

Every transliteration was reduced to a normalized stream of sign tokens and indexed by overlapping four-token sequences. Sequences occurring on more than a dozen tablets — the standard formulae of administrative prose — were discarded; the rest were scored by rarity. Pairs already known to belong together (exemplars of the same composition, entries cross-referenced by CDLI, texts sharing a composite edition) were removed. As a control, the same comparison independently re-found 36 pairs that are cross-referenced in the catalogues, among them a duplicate recorded only in a 1984 collation note (Gomi, Orient 20: MCS 1, 54 // MCS 6, 10) — which is what convinced me the method finds real connections, not coincidences.

What I checked

For each pair above: the CDLI records on both sides (no cross-references); the BDTNS records of all Ur III tablets involved (no cross-references, no remarks — though BDTNS's dates are what revealed the same-year, nearby-month pattern); Dahl's note on Ur III text duplicates (CDLB 2003:5), which covers the Umma and Drehem gaba-ri copies and none of these; and general literature searches, which turn up no publication citing both members of any pair. What I could not consult are the print commentaries — Selz's AWEL and FAOS 15 above all — so it is possible some of the ED IIIb links are noted there. If they are, I would genuinely like to know; if they are not, these connections appear to be unrecorded.

How to read this

Shared rare text between two account tablets can mean three things: a true duplicate or ancient copy; two instalments of the same periodic account series, listing the same personnel in consecutive months; or two fragments of one original document. The dated Ur III pairs point clearly to the second — scattered pages of the same ledgers. For the undated ED IIIb cluster the question is open. All three readings would make these pairs worth recording; none of them is recorded today.